Abstract: Former South African President Nelson Mandela is a legendary figure in the world. Mandela’s autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, has become a bestseller in many languages worldwidely. Although Mandela claimed on several occasions that he was not a Communist, a study of his autobiographical statements will undoubtedly prove that Mandela was in fact deeply influenced by Marxism and eventually by Western Marxism school, from his words to his program of action. By enumerating historical materials and analyzing his autobiographical statements, the article is to show Western Marxism’s profound influence on him from following five perspectives. First, Mandela did not fully agree with Stalinism, meanwhile, he had read the works of Marx, Engels, Stalin and Mao Zedong. Secondly, the actions of the ANC, led by Mandela, fit much with Western Marxism’s ideas. Thirdly, Mandela had close contacts with the leaders of the South African Communist Party, and his imprisonment was also sentenced under The Anti-Communism Act. Fourthly, although the ANC’s later “Spear of the Nation” movement was also an armed struggle, on the whole he advocated non-violence and peaceful reconciliation to solve racial conflicts. Last, Mandela’s political tendencies during his presidency time to some extent confirmed this claim in his autobiography.

Key words: Mandela, biography, Long Walk to Freedom, Western Marxism

摘要： 南非前总统曼德拉是享誉世界的传奇人物,其自传《漫漫自由路》也一度成为各语种的畅销书。尽管曼德拉曾几度声称自己不是一个共产主义者,但通过研究他的自传表述,我们可以证明,曼德拉从语言表述到行动纲领无不显示出其受到马克思主义的深刻影响,后来又逐步滑向西方马克思主义。本文通过列举史料和分析其自传表述,从以下五个方面展开证明: 首先,曼德拉不完全认同斯大林主义的主张,他阅读了大量马克思、恩格斯以及毛泽东的著作;其次,曼德拉领导的非国大组织的行动与西马的主张有许多契合之处;其三,曼德拉与南非共产党组织领导人交往密切,其入狱“罪状”也是南非当局依照《反共产主义法案》而定刑;第四,尽管非国大后来的“民族之矛”运动属于武装斗争,但总体上他主张非暴力、和平手段调和解决种族矛盾,这与西马倾向相符;最后,曼德拉执政时期的政治倾向也一定程度地证实了他自传里的这一主张。

关键词: 曼德拉, 《漫漫自由路》, 自传, 西方马克思主义