Abstract: Since its inception, African literature has been marked by a distinct diasporic syndrome rooted in its colonial history, giving rise to four major types of diasporic writing: exotic diaspora, Been-to diaspora, colonial diaspora, and native diaspora. Writers with traditional or exilic diasporic tendencies found themselves caught between the cultural clashes of host and homeland, and were deeply influenced by Marxism, which swept through the African continent like a gale in the mid-twentieth century. Among these diasporic authors are Marxist pioneers such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Ebrahim Hussein, Marxist aesthetes such as Wole Soyinka and Ben Okri, and Marxist thinkers such as Okot p’Bitek and Abdulrazak Gurnah. Whether raising the banner of revolution, expressing aesthetic pursuits, practicing revolutionary theory, or upholding a dialectical spirit, their works are infused with Marxist elements and exhibit complex and diverse literary characteristics. Marxism has significantly shaped the thematic content, artistic style, value orientation, and developmental trajectory of African literature, influencing its reception and positioning within world literature.

Key words: African literature, diaspora writers, Marxism, advocater, aesthete, dialectical thinker

摘要： 非洲文学自诞生之日起,便由于殖民历史原因而带有鲜明的流散症候,出现了异邦流散、宾土流散、殖民流散和本土流散四大流散文学。其中,具有传统流散即异邦流散症候的作家直接处于异国文化和母国文化冲突的夹缝之中,受到20世纪中叶如疾风席卷非洲这片广袤土地的马克思主义的深刻影响。这些流散作家中,有以恩古吉、侯赛因为代表的马克思主义的先行者,有以索因卡、奥瑞克为代表的马克思主义的审美者,也有以普比泰克与古尔纳为代表的马克思主义的思辨者。他们或高举革命大纛,或彰显审美志趣,或践行革命理论,或秉持辩证精神,但其创作都充满了马克思主义元素,并呈现出复杂多样的文学特性。马克思主义在很大程度上影响了非洲文学的主题意蕴、艺术风格、价值取向和发展态势,影响着其在世界文学中的接受和地位。

关键词: 非洲文学, 流散作家, 马克思主义, 倡导者, 审美者, 思辨者