Abstract: Although Liang Qichao’s “Biography of the Hungarian Patriot Kossuth” is a translated work, it closely resonates with the late Qing intellectuals’ intention to use the “Xiongnu” and their “descendants,” the Hungarians, to extrapolate the future of China, thereby vividly illustrating the process of dialogue and integration between ancient and modern ideas of the nation. Liang Qichao’s portrayal of Kossuth, based on his experiences of reading The Adventures of a Beauty and his exile in Japan, provides an empathetic foundation for the emergence of the patriot. His translation choices, rooted in the revolutionary debates within and outside the Kang School, were aligned with the needs of revolutionary propaganda. Under the convergence of ethnology and New Text Confucianism, the imagined blueprint for interactions between the yellow and white races mediated by Hungary was elaborated in the new novels envisioning the future. The emerging heroic biographies broke through the ideal of “Tianxia” but continued the fundamental concern for civilizational universalism, offering a unique approach to revitalizing the national spirit. Re-examining the author’s reasons for selecting materials offers another avenue for opening up new horizons in the study of late Qing dynasty biographical literature under the constraints of originality.

Key words: Liang Qichao, “Biography of the Hungarian Patriot Kossuth”, biographical literature, Xiongnu, national consciousness

摘要： 梁启超的“匈加利爱国者噶苏士传”虽系转译之作,但与晚清学人借“匈奴”及其“后裔”匈牙利人推演未来中国的旨趣密切呼应,使古今民族观念的对话交融过程得到形象化的呈现。梁启超对噶苏士的塑造代入了阅读《佳人奇遇》和流亡日本的经验,为“爱国者”的诞生提供了共情的基础。他植根于康门内外革命论辩的转译选择,配合了宣传革命的需要。在人种学与今文学汇流之下,该传作构想的以匈牙利为中介的黄白人种交往蓝图,转而在想象未来的新小说中得到演绎。由此渐兴的英雄传记,突破了“天下”理想,又延续了文明普遍主义的根本关怀,提供了激活民族精神的独特思路。重审作者的选材因由,不失为打开原创性囿限下晚清传记文学研究新局面的另一窗口。

关键词: 梁启超, “匈加利爱国者噶苏士传”, 传记文学, 匈奴, 民族意识