Abstract: In German Ideology, Communist Manifesto and other works, Karl Marx proposes the concept of World Literature and holds that the interaction between different national literatures can erase national confrontation. But Marx neither clearly points out the complex relationship between world literature and national literature, nor does he map out how to create world literatures in plural forms. Outstanding British Marxists Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton emphasize literary theory as cosmopolitan. Additionally, their literary creations and literary criticism based on Wales and Irish national tradition respectively manifest that every writer can work persuasively only when he bases himself on his national tradition. Therefore, they inherit and develop Marxist view of world literature which values national literature. Their theoretical efforts are to make the marginal and weak nations subvert, resist the world literary space dominated by the literatures from powerful nations, providing more possibilities for marginal nations to reconstruct world and carry out intercultural communications.

Key words: Marxism, World Literature, Raymond Williams, Terry Eagleton

摘要： 在《德意志意识形态》和《共产党宣言》等文献中,马克思提出了世界文学概念,主张通过不同民族文学的交往来消除民族的对立。不过,他本人并未明确指出“世界文学”中的世界性与民族性的复杂关系,也未曾绘制如何创造复数的“世界文学”的路线图。英国杰出的马克思主义代表,雷蒙德•威廉斯和特里•伊格尔顿不仅强调文学理论研究方面的世界性,而且他们的文学创作实践和文学批评分别立足于威尔士和爱尔兰等在全球化中处于边缘地位的民族传统,展现了每一个作家只有在自己人民的传统中才能令人信服地工作。因此,他们继承和发展了马克思主义创始人的世界文学观对民族文学特性的重视。他们致力的边缘、弱小民族文学实践颠覆和抵抗了强势民族文学主导的世界文学空间,为边缘民族重塑世界和跨文化交流提供了更多的可能性。

关键词: 马克思主义, 世界文学, 雷蒙德·威廉斯, 特里·伊格尔顿