Abstract: Since the mid-twentieth century, cybernetics, with its core paradigms of information, system and feedback, has continuously intervened in the literary field and propelled the process of “the mechanization of literature.” This process mainly unfolds along three trajectories. Firstly, along the instrumentalization trajectory, cybernetics functioned as a theoretical meta-apparatus and entered literary studies via linguistics and anthropology, promoting systematic reflections on literary structures and mechanisms of meaning production. Secondly, along the experimentation trajectory, cybernetics was internalized as a methodology, giving rise to Oulipo’s constrained writing and the cybertexts studies, which endowed literary activities with the characteristics of being computable, operable, and executable. Thirdly, along the substantialization trajectory, with the development of text generators, especially generative artificial intelligence, cybernetics achieved technological implementation at the functional level, directly involving in the automated production of literary content. This process implies a transformation of literature from a humanistic domain of meaning expression into a complicated post-humanistic ecosystem, constituted by distributed agents, material media and recursive relations.

Key words: cybernetics, mechanization of literature, instrumentalization, experimentation, substantialization

摘要： 20世纪中叶以来,控制论以信息、系统与反馈为核心范式,不断介入文学领域并推动了“文学的机器化”历程,主要呈现为三条路径。其一,“工具化”路径：控制论作为一种元理论装置,经由语言学和人类学进入文学研究,促成对文学结构与意义生成机制的系统化反思。其二,“实验化”路径：控制论下沉为内在方法论,催生“乌力波”限制写作和赛博文本研究,使文学活动呈现出可计算、可操作与可运行的特征。其三,“实体化”路径：随着文本生成器特别是生成式人工智能的发展,控制论在功能层面实现技术落地,参与文学内容的自动化生产。这意味着文学从人文主义的意义表达领域,转向后人类语境下由分布式主体、物质媒介与递归关系构成的复杂生态系统。

关键词: 控制论, 文学的机器化, 工具化, 实验化, 实体化