Abstract: In the Russian literature fever during the May Fourth Period,various discourses of Russian nationality were brought into China.They provided important resources for Chinese intellectuals in their challenging the authority of the West.However,they also presented a critique of Enlightenment Rationality which differed greatly from the existing imagination in China of the modern world and the stereotyped description of its own nationality.To construct and promote the “similarity between China and Russia”,Chinese intellectuals tried to twist these two dimensions together.As the age turned more and more radical,however,both the space for the discussion on Russian nationality and the denotation of the “similarity between China and Russia” were sharply reduced.

Key words: Russian fever, the May Fourth Period, Russian soul, “similarity between China and Russia”

摘要： 在五四时期的俄国文学热中,多种俄罗斯民族性话语被引入中国,为中国知识分子挑战西方权威提供了重要资源;但同时,俄罗斯民族性话语中反思启蒙理性的一面又与他们已有的现代想象,包括关于本国国民性的本质化论说存在明显分歧。在建构“中俄相似性”的过程中,中国知识分子努力对这两面进行铰接。而随着时代日益激进化,无论是关于俄罗斯民族性的论说空间,还是“中俄相似性”的指向,都被急剧压缩。

关键词: 俄罗斯热, 五四时期, 俄罗斯灵魂, “中俄相似性”