Abstract: By contrasting Lu Xun’s and Qu Qiubai’s translation philosophies, this paper attempts to reveal the profound impact of translator subjectivity on translation practice—their divergence highlights the core logic of Lu Xun’s “hard translation” approach, which seeks to break rigid social structures through linguistic innovation. Besides, this study explores the characteristics of Lu Xun’s “hard translation” readership and its reception effects, to demonstrate its social contributions across diverse fields. Furthermore, by examining historical periods, it also analyzes the stylistic and strategic shifts among translators adhering to the “hard translation” principle, to highlight its enduring value and significance across eras. The research indicates that Lu Xun’s “hard translation” doctrine not only embodies ideological visions for social transformation and enlightenment but also continues to evolve through translation practice, remaining crucial for socio-cultural critique and cross-cultural communication today.

Key words: Lu Xun, “hard translation” doctrine, translator subjectivity, readers’ response, translation evolution

摘要： 本文对比鲁迅与瞿秋白翻译观念的差异,意在揭示译者主体性对翻译实践的深刻影响——二者分歧可凸显鲁迅以“硬译”推动语言革新、打破固化社会结构的核心逻辑;通过探讨鲁迅硬译作品的读者群体特征及接受效果,展现其在不同领域的社会贡献;依据历史分期,分析遵循硬译准则的译者风格及策略变化,凸显“硬译”观在不同时代的价值与意义。研究表明,鲁迅的“硬译”观不仅蕴含着改造社会、启迪民智的思想内涵,还在翻译实践中不断发展演变,至今仍在社会文化批判和跨文化交流方面发挥着重要作用。

关键词: 鲁迅, “硬译”观;, 译者主体性, 读者反应, 翻译变迁