Abstract: In the cognition-oriented exploration of rhetorical figures, major tropes such as metaphor have been widely studied while equally important schemes have not received due attention. Taking as reference the four master tropes of metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony in Western literary tradition as reference, and tracing their corresponding Gestalt principles of similarity, proximity, closure, and prominence, this inquiry, for the first time, singles out the four master schemes of repetition, parallelism, rhetorical question, antithesis, and justifies them in the representative works of Chinese and Western rhetoric. The supporting cognitive theoretical proof and rich argumentative historical evidence reveal that both the master schemes and the master tropes are cognitively and epistemically significant.

Key words: scheme, trope, Gestalt principle, cognition, epistemology

摘要： 在以辞格认知转向为特征的学术背景中,隐喻等主要转义辞格广受青睐,但同样重要的非转义辞格却未获应有关注。以西方人文学传统中的隐喻、转喻、提喻、反语四大转义主辞格为参照,追溯其分别对应的相似性、接近性、闭合性、突显性格式塔完形原则,本文首次抉择出四大非转义主辞格为:反复、排比、反问、对照,并通过中西古今修辞学相关要著予以验证。四大非转义格契合的认知性理据和丰富的论辩性史据揭示了非转义主辞格与转义主辞格都具有重要的认知性与认识论意义。

关键词: 非转义辞格, 转义辞格, 完形原则, 认知, 认识论