Abstract: As a theoretical perspective of interdisciplinary research, “literary cartography” reflects the relationship between literature and cartography, geography and geology. Through the mutual interpretation of maps and texts, the writer reproduces the “landscape” of world-making, expresses the “mindscape” of mind projection, and emerges the “palimpsest” shaped in the deep time. These three creative and critical methods can be refined into the concepts of “landscape mapping,” “mindscape mapping” and “palimpsest mapping.” On the map text level, they correspond to “story map,” “mental map” and “deep time map.” J. R. R. Tolkien, the pioneer of “epic fantasy,” laid the foundation for the use of “fantasy map” in transmedia storytelling. Map is the core paratext for Tolkien to realize his concept of “sub-creation.” The study of literary cartography centered on Tolkien proves that both the writer's “storytelling” and the cartographer's “mapping” are manifestations of the “cartographic practice” and “cartographic consciousness” in the “sub-creative art.”

Key words: J. R. R. Tolkien, literary cartography, landscape, mindscape, palimpsest

摘要： 作为一种跨学科研究的理论视角,“文学制图”反映了文学与地图学、地理学和地质学之间的关联。通过地图与文本的互释,作家再现世界创造的“地景”,表现内心投影的“心景”,渐现深时塑形的“隐迹”。这三种创作和批评方法,可被提炼为“地景绘图”“心景绘图”和“隐迹绘图”的概念。在地图文本层面,分别对应“故事地图”“意境地图”和“深时地图”。“史诗奇幻”的开创者托尔金奠定了“幻想地图”在跨媒介叙事中的使用,地图是托尔金实现“次创造”理念的核心副文本。以托尔金为中心的文学制图研究,证明了作家的“叙事”与制图师的“绘图”,均为“制图实践”与“制图意识”在“次创造艺术”中的体现。

关键词: J. R. R. 托尔金, 文学制图, 地景, 心景, 隐迹