Abstract: Leo Tolstoy's interest in classical Chinese culture and the thoughts of pre-Qin thinkers has been recognised as a fact both at home and abroad, but the acceptance and translation of Mo-tzu's philosophy in his later years has not yet attracted sufficient attention. Based on the Russian translation of Universal Love published in 1910, this article explores the historical facts of Tolstoy's reading, commenting and translating Mo-tzu's philosophy, and analyses the similarities and differences between their philosophical ideas in Tolstoy's subjective interpretation of Mo-tzu's idea of “Universal Love” from his translation of key concepts in the original text and references to Mo-tzu's philosophy in his later philosophical writings, which aims at making corresponding additions to the study of the overseas dissemination of Chinese classics and the history of cultural exchanges between China and Russia through this important case of intercultural communication.

Key words: Leo Tolstoy, Mo-tzu, Universal Love, Tolstoyanism, intercultural communication

摘要： 列夫·托尔斯泰对中国古典文化和先秦诸子思想的兴趣已是海内外研究界公认的事实,但作家晚年对墨子哲学的接受与译介尚未引起足够重视。本文基于1910年出版的《兼爱》俄译本,钩沉托尔斯泰阅读、评述和翻译墨子哲学的相关史实,并从作家对源文中关键概念的翻译方式及其后期哲理著作对墨子哲学的借鉴出发,分析其对墨子“兼爱”思想的主观阐释中体现出的双方哲学思想的异同,以期透过这一跨文化交流的重要案例,为中华典籍的海外传播及中俄文化交流史的研究做出相应的补充。

关键词: 列夫·托尔斯泰, 墨子, 《兼爱》, 托尔斯泰主义, 跨文化交流