Abstract: Wisdom literature constitutes an important part of Hebrew classics, which focuses on the essence, cognition, and application of wisdom. Its genre, character, and knowledge spectrum lack of comparable examples, especially in Proverbs and Job. In fact, these elements bear the imprint of foreign cultural influences, primarily from Mesopotamia, reflecting the impact of its knowledge structures and cultural heritage on Jewish sages. These influences have left what can be termed an “enclave” within Hebrew wisdom literature, and can be recognized from the characters as debaters, court advisors and astrologists in Hebrew wisdom literature. Tracking the knowledge spectrum and cultural stream of Hebrew wisdom literature not only makes it possible to acquire insights of Jewish wisdom tradition itself, but also serves as examples to reveal the relationship between Hebrew and Mesopotamian literary tradition and spectrum.

Key words: Hebrew wisdom literature, Mesopotamian literature, image of sage, Proverbs, Job

摘要： 智慧文学是希伯来经典的重要组成部分,以探讨智慧的本体论、认识论和方法论为主,其文学风格、人物形象与知识谱系在希伯来正典中鲜有参照,在《箴言》和《约伯记》两卷书中较为明显。事实上,这些内容是犹太智者接受以两河流域为主的外来文化资源所存留的印记,后者的知识结构与文化渊源对犹太智者产生了深远影响,在希伯来智慧文学中留下了“飞地”。犹太创作者通过辩论家、宫廷顾问和天文学家的角度来塑造智者形象。追溯希伯来智慧文学的知识谱系与文化源流,不但有助于推进犹太智慧传统的研究,而且能够揭示其与两河流域文学传统间的有机关联,进而为梳理该地域的文学经典谱系提供研究实例。

关键词: 希伯来智慧文学, 两河流域文献, 智者形象, 《箴言》, 《约伯记》