古今之争、对跖地与笛福《联合机》的中国反讽

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 天文学是古今之争的一部分,也是耶稣会士在明清中国传教的纽带。在《联合机》中,笛福一方面借助叙述者的月球旅行表明了他接受哥白尼的多重世界和月球旅行的今派立场;另一方面,叙述者通过在中国东京图书馆的参观见闻,借助现代天文透镜积累的中国知识,展现了一幅历史悠久、政治开明、科技领先的古派中国想象。叙述者的今派立场和古派中国想象之间的差异使笛福的中国反讽成为可能。叙述者乘坐联合机登陆作为中国对跖地的月球,遇见了作为笛福替身的月球哲人和与中国截然相反的英国景象,并不存在图书馆中所说的中国成就,因而其对于明清中国的赞许只不过是古派的自我投射,是笛福的反讽。

关键词: 笛福, 《联合机》, 古今之争, 对跖者, 中国

Abstract: Astronomy was part of the controversy between the Ancients and the Moderns, and was also a Jesuit missionary tie in China. In The Consolidator, Defoe reveals his Modern standpoint through his acceptance of multiplicity of worlds and lunar voyage. But through his visit to Tonquin Library, the narrator comes to understand the Chinese knowledge accumulated through different kinds of modern astronomical glass, and presents a China with a long history, political enlightenment, and technological advancement which were in line with the Ancient’s China. The discrepancy between the Modern standpoint and the Ancient’s imagination of China makes Defoe’s irony possible. In his imaginary journey to the moon, the antipodes of China, the narrator finds Defoe’s double and a British scene completely opposite to China, without the alleged Chinese achievements, which is nothing but the Ancient’s self projection and Defoe’s irony.

Key words: Daniel Defoe, The Consolidator, Ancients and Moderns, antipodes, China

陈西军. 古今之争、对跖地与笛福《联合机》的中国反讽[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(3): 247-262.

Chen Xijun. Ancients and Moderns, the Antipodes, and the Ironical China in The Consolidato[J]. Comparative Literature in China, 2025, 0(3): 247-262.

参考文献

Augustine. The City of God against Pagans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Batchelor, Robert.“Concealing the Bounds: Imagining the British Nation through China.” The Global Eighteenth Century. Ed. Felicity A. Nussbaum. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. 79-92.
Brome, Richard.The Antipodes. London: Edward Arnold, 1967.
Bury J. B.The Idea of Progress: An Inquiry into Its Origin and Growth. New York: Dover Publications, 1955.
Campbell, Mary Baine.Wonder and Science: Imagining Worlds in Early Modern Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.
中国天文学史整理研究小组编:《中国天文学史》.北京:科学出版社,1981年.
[Chinese Astronomical History Compilation and Research Group. ed. A History of Chinese Astronomy (zhong guo tian wen xue shi). Beijing: Science Press, 1981.]
Defoe, Daniel. The Consolidator (1705) Memoirs of Count Tariff, &c. (1713) The Quarrel of the School-Boys at Athens (1717). Ed. Geoffrey Sill. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2003.
Flint, Valerie I.J. “Monsters and the Antipodes in the early Middle Ages and Enlightenment.”Viator 15(1984): 65-80.
Fontenelle, Bernard de. Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds. Trans. Miss Elizabeth Gunning. London, 1803.
---. Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds. Trans. H. A. Hargreaves. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
Foucault, Michel.“Of Other Spaces.” Trans. Jay Miskowiec.Diacritics 1(1986): 22-27.
Godwin, Francis.The Man in the Moone. New York: Broadview Edition, 2009.
Goldie, Matthew Boyd.The Idea of the Antipodes: Place, People, and Voices. New York: Routledge, 2010.
Hsia, Florence C.Sojourners in a Strange Land: Jesuits and Their Scientific Missions in Late Imperial China. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009.
Janssen, Anke.“A Hitherto Unnoticed Allusion to Francis Godwin’sThe Man in the Moone in Swfit’s The Battle between the Antient and the Modern Books.” Notes and Queries, June(1985): 200-201.
江晓原、钮卫星:《天文西学东渐集》.上海:上海书店出版社,2001年.
[Jiang, Xiaoyuan and Niu Weixing. A Collection of Astronomy from the West to the East (tian wen xi xue dong jian ji). Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 2001.]
Mandeville, John.The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. London: Macmillan, 1923.
Min, Eun Kyung.China and the Writing of English Literary Modernity, 1690-1770. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Mungelo, David E.Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden Gmbh, 1985.
Nicolson, Marjorie Hope.Voyages to the Moon. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1948.
欧洋安:“序二”,《耶稣会士庞迪我著述集》,庞迪我著,叶农整理,金国平、罗慧玲、蒋薇译.广州:广东人民出版社,2019年.14-19.
[Ollé, Manel.“Preface II” (xu er). Diego de Pantoja. A Collection of Jesuit Diego de Pantoja’s Writing. Comp. Ye Nong. Trans. Jin Guoping, Luo Huiling and Jiang Wei. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House, 2019. 14-19.]
Parrett, Aaron.The Translunar Narrative in the Western Tradition. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2004.
Plato. Timaeus and Critias. Trans. Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Pocock J. G.A. The Discovery of Islands: Essays in British History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Prince, Michael B.The Shortest Way with Defoe: Robinson Crusoe, Deism, and the Novel. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2020.
Qi, Han.“The Jesuits and Their Study of Chinese Astronomy and Chronology in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.” Europe and China: Science and the Arts in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Ed. Luís Saraiva. London: World Scientific Publishing, 2013. 71-80.
Ross, John.Swift and Defoe: A Study in Relationship. Folcroft: Folcroft Press, 1940.
尚杰:《启蒙时代的法国哲学》.南京:江苏人民出版社,2005年.
[Shang, Jie.French Philosophy during the Enlightenment (qi meng shi dai de fa guo zhe xue). Nanjing: Jiangsu People’s Publishing House, 2005.]
Shaw, Narelle L.“Ancients and Moderns in Defoe’sConsolidator.” SEL 28(1988): 391-400.
Swift, Jonathan.“Discourse on the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit.” The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift. Vol. I. London: George Bell and Sons, 1907. 189-210.
Temple, William.“An Essay upon Ancient and Modern Learning.” Miscellanea. Part II. London: Printed for Ri Simpson, 1692a. 1-72.
---. “Of Heroic Virtue.” Miscellanea. Part II. London: Printed for Ri Simpson, 1692b. 147-301.
---. “Some Thoughts upon Reviewing the Essay of Ancient and Modern Learning.” The Works of Sir William Temple. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Printed for G. Hamilton & J. Balfour, 1754. 430-460.
Vickers, Ilse.Defoe and the New Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
王玉民:《大众天文学史》.济南:山东科学技术出版社,2015年.
[Wang, Yumin.A Popular History of Astronomy (da zhong tian wen xue shi). Ji’nan: Shandong Science and Technology Press, 2015.]
Wilkins, John.The Discovery of A World in the Moone. London: Printed by E.G. for Michael Sparke and Edward Forrest, 1638.
Wilson, Francis.“The Dark Side of Utopia: Misanthropy and the Chinese Prelude in Defoe’s Lunar Journey.”Comparative Critical Studies 2(2007): 193-207.

编辑推荐 0

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	0	0	0	31

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	22	9
比例	71%	29%

摘要

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

0	0	48

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	10	38
比例	21%	79%

[1]	董健鑫. 中国生态批评国际化的三次浪潮[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(3): 38-52.
[2]	张沛. 比较文学大先生——乐黛云和她的时代[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(3): 53-72.
[3]	杨四平. 元诗观念影响下中国当代先锋诗写作理论之省思[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(3): 92-109.
[4]	张帆. “中国故事”作为方法[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 3-15.
[5]	谭渊. 世界文学中的“中国故事”征引形态研究——从中外融通视角看“中国故事”的流传与变异[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 30-43.
[6]	葛桂录. 自我、物质与反讽：宇文所安对中国故事的阐释视角与话语建构*[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 44-57.
[7]	刘志强. “中国故事”在东南亚文学中的征引与阐释——以早期民间故事和文学名著为中心的考察[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 58-70.
[8]	陈琦. 从中国故事到世界文学：文化符号的生成编码、递归阐释与流动衍生[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 71-84.
[9]	帅司阳. 为中国辩护：19世纪美国排华运动中卫三畏对《东周列国志》的翻译[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 106-123.
[10]	吴娟娟. 弗洛伦斯·艾思柯长江书写中的纵向旅行[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(2): 185-204.
[11]	李夏菲. 赫尔德的18个中国故事及在欧洲的传播[J]. 中国比较文学, 2025, 0(1): 143-159.
[12]	李庆本. 跨文化阐释学的空间性及“内比法”[J]. 中国比较文学, 2024, 0(4): 2-18.
[13]	王同森. 劳伦斯·宾雍与庞德对中国艺术美学的理解歧路[J]. 中国比较文学, 2024, 0(4): 67-82.
[14]	蒋向艳. 《玉书》三生: 基于中西文学关系视角的察考[J]. 中国比较文学, 2024, 0(4): 122-136.
[15]	薄一荻. 超越后殖民主义的西方负面中国形象探究——论图兰朵为何残酷[J]. 中国比较文学, 2024, 0(4): 168-182.