可塑性·活力性·空间性: 巴赫金“梅尼普讽刺”论发微

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “梅尼普讽刺”及“体裁记忆”,是巴赫金1960年代在《陀思妥耶夫斯基诗学问题》中加入的重要内容,但长久以来一直极具学术争议性。论争的焦点之一在于,巴赫金对体裁史的研究方法是否合法。通过梳理相关文本,可发现巴赫金对“梅尼普讽刺”的论述中带有不少生物隐喻的痕迹与神话想象的色彩,这和他早年做过自然科学和生物学研究有关系。巴赫金的体裁诗学内在交织了多边的对话喧声,除亚里士多德诗学及俄国形式主义外,他早年与新康德哲学思潮影响下的生物学家及心理学家的论争背景也是不容忽视的。巴赫金转益多师,博学约取,加以创造性的加工转化,构建起了自己的文论,其背后潜伏的是一条与黑格尔美学范式相异的思想道路。而这种跨学科、多元性、去中心的新的人文主义,也与西方当代人文科学的新方向有所呼应。

关键词: 巴赫金, 梅尼普讽刺, 体裁记忆, 可塑性, 活力论

Abstract: “Menippean satire” and “genre memory”, as significant additions by Bakhtin in the 1960s, particularly to his Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics, have long been subjects of considerable academic controversy, with one focal point concerning the legitimacy of Bakhtin's methodological approach to the study of genre history. A review of the relevant texts shed light on the discovery that Bakhtin's discussions of “Menippean satire” involve numerous biological metaphors and mythological elements, possibly attributed to his early studies in natural sciences and biology. Bakhtin's poetics of genre is characterized by inherent intercorrelation with a multifaceted dialogic complexity. What is noteworthy, beyond Aristotelian poetics and Russian formalism, is his early disputes with biologists and psychologists under the influence of neo-Kantian philosophy. Drawing from diverse sources, he synthesized them with scholarly precision and conducted creative transformation before constructing his own literary theory. Underlying this framework is a conceptual trajectory totally deviating from the Hegelian aesthetic paradigm. This interdisciplinary, pluralistic, and decentralized new humanism resonates with the emerging directions in contemporary Western humanities.

Key words: Bakhtin, Menippean satire, genre memory, plasticity, vitalism

张维娜. 可塑性·活力性·空间性: 巴赫金“梅尼普讽刺”论发微[J]. 中国比较文学, 2024, 0(4): 197-214.

Zhang Weina. Plasticity, Vitalism and Spatiality: Bakhtin's Menippean Satire[J]. Comparative Literature in China, 2024, 0(4): 197-214.

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