文化自信的百年叙事:中国比较文学学科发展回顾与展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文首先回顾中国比较文学的肇始、起步、沉寂、复兴和繁荣等五阶段历程,综述主要成果,勾勒中国比较文学百年来以中华民族凝聚力为精神纽带和构筑文化自信的历史脉络。其次,概述比较文学复兴以来在学科建设方面的成就,全面检视相关的学术机构、学术活动、学科设置,以及本、硕、博人才培养诸方面的体制化建设,通过梳理半个世纪以来中国学派建构的探讨与争鸣,阐释其跨文化学科内涵与理论构建对文化自信命题的回应,据此反思和展望如何提升中国学派的理论体系与研究方法。最后,本文强调,中国比较文学学者当立足中国语境,直面(逆)全球化现实,大力加强中国比较文学学科体系、学术体系和话语体系建设,在百年未有之大变局中,赓续文化自信的百年叙事,朝着文化他信、文化互信和文化共信的终点砥砺前行。

关键词: 中国比较文学, 学科发展与建设, 文化自信, 中国学派

Abstract: This study first delineates the one-hundred-year development of Chinese Comparative Literature (CCL), in which outstanding achievements have been made through five stages. CCL has gradually evolved into an institutional, systemic and international discipline with a comprehensive talent-cultivation mechanism containing undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorial programs, supported by the construction of academic institutions and exuberant research work. The paper also probes into the polemic discourse of the Chinese School whose meaning and significance are meant to bespeak the spirit of theoretical and cultural confidence. Accordingly, some reflections and prospects have been made on how to promote the theoretical framework and research approaches proposed by the Chinese School. Finally, against the backdrop of (anti-)globalization, it is meaningful to renovate and consolidate the disciplinary, scholarly, and discursive systems of CCL in the Chinese context. Amongst great changes unseen in the past century, CCL is bound to forge ahead towards the destination where one nation's cultural confidence will eventually become a mode of not self-assured, but mutual and shared confidence for all nations.

Key words: Chinese Comparative Literature, construction and development of the discipline, cultural confidence, Chinese School

张晓红. 文化自信的百年叙事:中国比较文学学科发展回顾与展望[J]. 中国比较文学, 2023, 0(2): 146-161.

参考文献

曹顺庆编:《比较文学概论》。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011年。
[Cao, Shunqing. ed. A Brief Introduction to Comparative Literature (bi jiao wen xue gai lun). Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2011.]
——:“建构比较文学的中国话语”,《当代文坛》6 (2018): 4-11。
[---. “Constructing Chinese Discourse of Comparative Literature” (jian gou bi jiao wen xue de zhong guo hua yu). Contemporary Literary Criticism 6 (2018): 4-11.]
——:《比较文学学科史》。成都:四川出版集团巴蜀书社,2010年。
[---. A Disciplinary History of Comparative Literature (bi jiao wen xue xue ke shi). Chengdu: Bashu Press of Sichuan Publishing House Company, 2010.]
陈惇、刘象愚编:《比较文学概论》。北京:北京师范大学出版社,2000年。
[Chen, Dun and Liu Xiangyu. eds. A Brief Introduction to Comparative Literature (bi jiao wen xue gai lun). Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2000.]
杜萍:“百年中国比较文学学科理论发展综述”,《中外文化与文论》2 (2017): 460-475。
[Du, Ping.“An Overview of One Hundred Years' Theoretical Development of Chinese Comparative Literature” (bai nian zhong guo bi jiao wen xue xue ke li lun fa zhan zong shu). Cultural Studies and Literary Theory 2 (2017): 460-475.]
杜卫:“中西比较文学中的阐发研究”,《中国比较文学》2(1992):27-40。
[Du, Wei. “An Interpretive Study of Chinese and Western Comparative Literature” (zhong xi bi jiao wen xue zhong de chan fa yan jiu). Comparative Literature in China 2 (1992):27-40.]
高胜兵:“平行研究在中国——兼论比较文学中国学派的特征”,《中国比较文学》3(2021):37-47。
[Gao, Shengbing. “Parallel Study in Chinese Comparative Literature and the Features of Chinese School” (ping xing yan jiu zai zhong guo: jian lun bi jiao wen xue zhong guo xue pai de te zheng). Comparative Literature in China 3 (2021):37-47.]
古添洪、陈慧桦:“序”,《比较文学的垦拓在台湾》,古添洪、陈慧桦编。台北:东大图书公司,1976年。1-4。
[Gu, Tianhong and Chen Huihua. “Preface” (xu). Reclaiming Comparative Literature in Taiwan. Eds. Gu Tianhong and Chen Huihua. Taipei: Dongda Publishing House, 1976. 1-4.]
管林、钟贤培:《中国近代文学发展史》上册。北京:中国文联出版社,1991年。
[Guan, Lin and Zhong Xianpei. A History of Chinese Pre-modern Literature (zhong guo jin dai wen xue fa zhan shi). Vol.1. Beijing: Publishing House of Chinese Literature Association, 1991.]
何明星:“钱钟书比较文学研究的特质”,《学术研究》11(2010):149-154+160。
[He, Mingxing. “The Specific Nature of Mr. Qian Zhongshu's Comparative Study of Literature” (qian zhong shu bi jiao wen xue yan jiu de te zhi). Academic Research 11(2010): 149-154+160.]
纪建勋:“走向世界文学的国际比较文学中国学派”,《社会科学战线》7(2020):162-173+282。
[Ji, Jianxun. “Chinese School of Comparative Literature: Moving towards World Literature” (zou xiang shi jie wen xue de guo ji bi jiao wen xue zhong guo xue pai). Social Science Front 7 (2020): 162-173+282.]
季羡林:“比较文学与文化交流”,《比较文学与民间文学》。北京:北京大学出版社,1991年a。313-315。
[Ji, Xianlin. “Comparative Literature and Cultural Communication” (bi jiao wen xue yu wen hua jiao liu). Comparative Literature and Folk Literature. Beijing: Peking University Press,1991a. 313-315.]
——:“比较文学的‘及时雨’”,《比较文学与民间文学》。北京:北京大学出版社,1991年b。288-289。
[---. “Timely Reflections on Comparative Literature” (bi jiao wen xue de ji shi yu). Comparative Literature and Folk Literature. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1991b. 288-289.]
金民卿: “中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系的建构基础与内在张力”,《中共中央党校学报》5(2018):20-26。
[Jin, Minqing. “The Foundation and Contradiction of Building a Textual System of Philosophy and Social Science with Chinese Characteristics” (zhong guo te se zhe xue she hui ke xue hua yu ti xi de jian gou ji chu yu nei zai zhang li).Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the C.P.C. 5 (2018): 20-26.]
李平、程培英:“探寻比较文学中国学派的学理依据——试论孙景尧比较文学学科方法论思想”,《上海师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)6(2012):79-87。
[Li, Ping and Cheng Peiying. “Sun Jingyao's Methodology Thought of Comparative Literature” (tan xun bi jiao wen xue zhong guo xue pai de xue li yi ju: shi lun sun jing yao bi jiao wen xue xue ke fang fa lun si xiang).Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 6 (2012): 79-87.]
李伟昉:“文化自信与比较文学中国学派的创建”,《中国社会科学》9(2020):135-159+207。
[Li, Weifang. “Cultural Confidence and the Establishment of Chinese School of Comparative Literature” (wen hua zi xin yu bi jiao wen xue zhong guo xue pai de chuang jian). Social Sciences in China 9 (2020): 135-159+207.]
刘康:“世界的中国,还是世界与中国?——我的回应”,《文艺争鸣》 6(2019):134-136。
[Liu, Kang.“China of the World or China and the World?: My Response” (shi jie de zhong guo hai shi shi jie yu zhong guo: wo de hui ying). Free Views on Literature and Art 6 (2019):134-136.]
孙景尧:《简明比较文学》。北京:中国青年出版社,1988年。
[Sun, Jingyao. A Brief Introduction to Comparative Literature (jian ming bi jiao wen xue). Beijing: Chinese Youth Press, 1988.]
——:“为‘中国学派’一辩”,《文学评论》2(1991):42-47。
[---. “Defending Chinese School of Comparative Literature” (wei zhong guo xue pai yi bian). Literature Review 2 (1991): 42-47.]
王峰:“比较文学的中国学派——兼论第四种比较文学观”,《天津社会科学》1(2006):110-115。
[Wang, Feng. “On Chinese School of Comparative Literature and the Fourth Viewpoint of Comparative Literature” (bi jiao wen xue de zhong guo xue pai: jian lun di si zhong bi jiao wen xue guan).Tianjin Social Sciences 1 (2006): 110-115.]
王宁:“比较文学在中国:历史的回顾及当代发展方向”,《上海交通大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)6(2018):110-117+2。
[Wang, Ning.“Comparative Literature in China: A Historic Review and Its Prospect” (bi jiao wen xue zai zhong guo: li shi de hui gu ji dang dai fa zhan fang xiang). Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 6 (2018): 110-117+2.]
——:“丧钟为谁而鸣——比较文学的民族性和世界性”,《探索与争鸣》7(2016):37-42。
[---. “The Nationality and Cosmopolitism of Comparative Literature” (sang zhong wei shui er ming: bi jiao wen xue de min zu xing he shi jie xing). Exploration and Free Views 7 (2016):37-42.]
王向远:“‘阐发研究’”及‘中国学派’:文字虚构与理论泡沫”,《中国比较文学》1(2002):36-45。
[Wang, Xiangyuan. “Illustrative Approach and Chinese School:Limitations in both Viewpoint and Theoretical Induction” (chan fa yan jiu ji zhong guo xue pai: wen zi xu gou yu li lun pao mo). Comparative Literature in China 1 (2002): 36-45.]
——:《中国比较文学百年史》。北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013年。
[---. One-Hundred-Year History of Chinese Comparative Literature (zhong guo bi jiao wen xue bai nian shi). Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press, 2013.]
习近平:《习近平谈治国理政》第2卷。北京:外文出版社,2017年。
[Xi, Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (xi jin ping tan zhi guo li zheng). Vol.2. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2017.]
徐志啸:“中国比较文学的发轫期”,《山西师大学报》(社会科学版)1(1995):53-59。
[Xu, Zhixiao. “The Initiating Stage of Chinese Comparative Literature” (zhong guo bi jiao wen xue de fa ren qi). Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) 1 (1995): 53-59.]
严绍璗:“双边文化关系研究与‘原典性实证’的方法问题”,《中国比较文学》1 (1996): 1-21。
[Yan, Shaodang. “Study of Bilateral Cultural Relationship and the Research Question of Empirical Originality” (shuang bian wen hua guan xi yan jiu yu yuan dian xing shi zheng de fang fa wen ti). Comparative Literature in China 1 (1996): 1-21.]
杨周翰:《镜子与七巧板》。北京:中国社会科学出版社,1990年。
[Yang, Zhouhan. Mirror and Tangram (jing zi yu qi qiao ban). Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press, 1990.]
乐黛云:“比较文学发展的第三阶段”,《社会科学》9(2005):170-175。
[Yue,Daiyun. “The Third Stage of Comparative Literature” (bi jiao wen xue fa zhan de di san jie duan). Social Science 9 (2005):170-175.]
乐黛云、王向远:“中国比较文学百年史整体观”,《文艺研究》2(2005):49-56+159。
[Yue, Daiyun and Wang Xiangyuan. “A General Survey of One Hundred Years' Development of Chinese Comparative Literature” (zhong guo bi jiao wen xue bai nian shi zheng ti guan). Literature & Art Studies 2 (2005): 49-56+159.]
曾繁仁:“乐黛云教授在比较文学学科重建中的贡献”,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)5(2010):108-117。
[Zeng,Fanren. “Yue Daiyun's Contribution to the Revival of Chinese Comparative Literature” (yue dai yun jiao shou zai bi jiao wen xue xue ke chong jian zhong de gong xian). Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)5 (2010):108-117.]
张晓红、邓海丽:“跨文化视界的变焦与‘中国学派’建构的虚实——中国比较文学研究70年回眸”,《学习与探索》8(2019):172-182+192。
[Zhang, Xiaohong and Deng Haili. “The Shift of Cross-cultural Perspectives and the Fiction and Reality of ‘Chinese School’ Construction” (kua wen hua shi jie de bian jiao yu zhong guo xue pai jian gou de xu shi: zhong guo bi jiao wen xue yan jiu 70 nian hui mou). Study and Exploration 8(2019):172-182+192.]
周云龙:“比较研究的后欧洲困境——以钱林森《中外文学交流史:中国—法国卷》为例”,《文艺研究》2(2018):152-160。
[Zhou, Yunlong. “Dilemma of Comparative Studies in Post-Europe: A Case Study of A History of Literary Communication between China and the Other Countries. The Volume of Sino-France” (bi jiao yan jiu de hou ou zhou kun jing: yi qian lin sen zhong wai wen xue jiao liu shi:zhong guo-fa guo juan wei li). Literature and Art Studies 2 (2018):152-160.]
朱立元:“试论人文学科知识体系建构的若干理论问题——以当代中国文艺学学科为例”,《文艺研究》9(2019):5-21。
[Zhu, Liyuan. “Some Questions of Constructing a System of Humanities Knowledge: A Case Study of Contemporary Chinese Literature and Art” (shi lun ren wen xue ke zhi shi ti xi jian gou de ruo gan li lun wen ti: yi dang dai zhong guo wen yi xue xue ke wei li). Literature & Art Studies 9 (2019): 5-21.]
邹建军、王金黄:“文本决定论:对比较文学中国学派‘双向阐发’的反思”,《学习与实践》11 (2017):117-124。
[Zou, Jianjun and Wang Jinhuang. “Textual Determinism: A Reflection on Illustrative Approach of Chinese School of Comparative Literature” (wen ben jue ding lun: dui bi jiao wen xue zhong guo xue pai shuang xiang chan fa de fan si). Study and Practice 11 (2017): 117-124.]

[1]	卢婕. 21世纪以来中国比较文学研究的转向[J]. 中国比较文学, 2023, 0(2): 162-177.
[2]	叶舒宪. 变:作为新文科探索先驱的中国比较文学[J]. 中国比较文学, 2022, 0(1): 79-90.
[3]	高胜兵. 平行研究在中国——兼论比较文学中国学派的特征[J]. 中国比较文学, 2021, 0(3): 37-47.
[4]	郑燕虹. “构建人类命运共同体”理念对跨文化研究的启示[J]. 中国比较文学, 2020, 0(1): 184-192.
[5]	纪建勋. 改革开放40年中国比较文学的复兴之路[J]. 中国比较文学, 2019, 0(1): 132-147.