关键词: J. R. R. 托尔金, 文学制图, 地景, 心景, 隐迹

Abstract: As a theoretical perspective of interdisciplinary research, “literary cartography” reflects the relationship between literature and cartography, geography and geology. Through the mutual interpretation of maps and texts, the writer reproduces the “landscape” of world-making, expresses the “mindscape” of mind projection, and emerges the “palimpsest” shaped in the deep time. These three creative and critical methods can be refined into the concepts of “landscape mapping,” “mindscape mapping” and “palimpsest mapping.” On the map text level, they correspond to “story map,” “mental map” and “deep time map.” J. R. R. Tolkien, the pioneer of “epic fantasy,” laid the foundation for the use of “fantasy map” in transmedia storytelling. Map is the core paratext for Tolkien to realize his concept of “sub-creation.” The study of literary cartography centered on Tolkien proves that both the writer's “storytelling” and the cartographer's “mapping” are manifestations of the “cartographic practice” and “cartographic consciousness” in the “sub-creative art.”

Key words: J. R. R. Tolkien, literary cartography, landscape, mindscape, palimpsest