作为文学的“美术”——美术与中国现代文学观念的生成

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “美术”来自日语,曾在晚清中国一度成为热词,成为了“art”“literature”“belles-lettres”等词的中文译词。文学意义下的“美术”经过蔡元培、王国维、严复、刘师培、鲁迅、周作人等学人的推广,在晚清很大程度上成为了现代意义下“文学”的代名词,对中国现代文学观念的生成而言意义重大。作为文学的“美术”之所以能够得到晚清学人的肯定与推广,一方面得益于日本明治时期“美术”“美文”观念的传播,一方面也有赖于严复等人对西方文学、美学理论的译介。在近代东西方思想的交汇下,感情与形式、感情与理智的关系成为美术/文学观中重点争论的对象。中国现代文学观念正是在近代美术观念的传播中逐渐形成、建构起来的。

关键词: 美术, 纯文学, 明治, 刘师培, 周氏兄弟

Abstract: The word “Meishu” came from Japanese, but it was once a hot word in the late Qing Dynasty. It became a Chinese translation of the words “art” “literature” or “belles-lettres”. The “art” in the literary sense was promoted by scholars such as Cai Yuanpei, Wang Guowei, Yan Fu, Liu Shipei, Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren. In the late Qing Dynasty, it became a synonym for literature, which meant a lot in the generation of modern Chinese literary ideas. Why could “Meishu” be regarded as literature by so many Chinese famous scholars in the late Qing Dynasty? On one hand, it benefited from the spread of the concepts of “art” and “belles-lettres” in Japan during the Meiji period. On the other hand, it depended on Yan Fu and other Chinese translators who worked on Western literary theory. In the contest between modern Eastern and Western thoughts, the relationship between the beauty in emotion and form, sense and sensibility had become the main object of debate in the art/literary view. The concept of modern Chinese literature was gradually formed and constructed in the spread of modern art concepts.

Key words: art, pure literature, Meiji, Liu Shipei, Zhou brothers

狄霞晨. 作为文学的“美术”——美术与中国现代文学观念的生成[J]. 中国比较文学, 2021, 0(2): 153-167.

Di Xiachen. “Meishu” as Literature: Art and the Generation of Modern Chinese Literary Ideas[J]. Comparative Literature in China, 2021, 0(2): 153-167.

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