关键词: 惯习之域, 明恩溥, 《中国人的特性》, 鲁迅, 国民性

Abstract: American missionary Arthur Smith lived in China for over half a century and wrote several books on China, of which the most influential is Chinese Characteristics. The popularity of the book not only helped form many western stereotypes of China and Chinese people, but played a significant role in contributing to Chinese themselves' conception of national character. This paper introduces Pierre Bourdieu's concept of Habitus, and uses it to analyze Smith's observations and views on China. This paper demonstrates how his conception of China and Chinese people were received inside China and made a considerable impact on Lu Xun and the discussion of (flawed) national character.

Key words: habitus, Arthur Smith, Chinese Characteristics, Lu Xun, national character