中国比较文学学会会刊 1984年创刊 由中国比较文学学会和上海外国语大学联合主办 ISSN 1006-6101 CN
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中国比较文学 ›› 2023, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (1): 133-152.

• 中外文学关系 • 上一篇    下一篇

卫礼贤与20世纪初西方对儒学和孔子的再审视

方厚升   

  • 发布日期:2023-01-10
  • 作者简介:方厚升,博士,厦门大学外文学院副教授。研究方向:德语现代文学、中德文学文化关系。电子邮箱:fhshddd@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“现代性视野下德国20世纪初对儒学的重估研究”(项目编号:17BWW080)的部分成果。

  • Published:2023-01-10

摘要: 20世纪初,西方文明陷入危机,儒学重受关注。以德国为例,虽然“抑孔”话语依然大有市场,但尊孔呼声也明显增多,尤其是卫礼贤大大推动了德国社会重新积极评价孔子,他大量译介中国经典在德国起到了拓荒的作用,他的灵活阐释拓展了儒学的接受群体。更重要的是,在西方现代性危机的背景下,卫礼贤打破东方主义独白的话语传统,坚持站在中国立场上阐发儒家的人本底蕴、道德立场对现代社会的积极意义,彰显了传统儒学契合现代性的一面,“现代人”孔子形象由此清晰可见。这一细节对我们审视中国的现代性自我建构与传统文化资源之间的关系也有启发意义。

关键词: 卫礼贤, 儒学, 孔子, 文化对话, 现代性

Abstract: At the beginning of the 20th century, when western civilization was in crisis, Confucianism came back into focus. In Germany, for example, although the disparagement of Confucius still had a big market, the respect for Confucius increased dramatically. In particular, Richard Wilhelm greatly promoted the positive evaluation of Confucius in German society; his extensive translation of Chinese classics played a pioneer role in Germany, and his flexible interpretation expanded the acceptance range of Confucianism. More importantly, in the context of the crisis of western modernity, he broke the discourse tradition of orientalist monologues, insisted on interpreting the positive significance of Confucianism's humanistic background and moral stance to modern society from a Chinese standpoint, and highlighted the side of traditional Confucianism in line with modernity. Therefore, the image of Confucius as a “modern man” was clearly visible, which is also enlightening for us to examine the relationship between the self-construction of the modernity and traditional cultural resources in China.

Key words: Richard Wilhelm, Confucianism, Confucius, cultural dialogue, modernity